Martin Roubec
Arterial stenosis or occlusions are the most frequently detectable pathological findings in cerebral vessels. Major causes of the lumen narrowing in intracranial arteries are stenosis (mostly atherosclerotic) and vasospasm. Thrombosis on atherosclerotic plaque or thromboembolism in the cerebral circulation is the most common cause of intracranial artery occlusion. For the occlusion or stenosis diagnosis various diagnostic methods working on different physical principles can be used nowadays – digital subtraction angiography, computerized tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, transcranial Doppler, transcranial color-coded duplex sonography. Basic principles, benefits and limitations are described in this review.