Téma: Overview works

Echocardiography in diagnostics of pericardial diseases

Peter Dědič

The evaluation of pericardial diseases has been radically modified by modern imaging techniques, especially by the development of echocardiography. Echocardiography is readily available and does not involve ionizing radiation. In a patient with suspected pericarditis, echocardiography is still the first line modality to explore the pericardium. However pericarditis is a clinical diagnosis that cannot be made independently by echocardiography. The goal of the echocardiographic examination is to evaluate pericardial effusion, thickening or masses in pericardial cavity. Particularly echocardiography can be helpful in establishing a diagnosis and therapy of pericardial tamponade, but necessary integration with other clinical and hemodynamic data. Echo-guided pericardiocentesis is life saving and safe therapeutic method in a patient with pericardial tamponade. Echocardiographic guidance of pericardiocentesis is technically less demanding and can be performed at the bedside. Transthoracic echocardiography is routinely performed for the evaluation of myocardial function in patients with symptoms of constrictive or restrictive physiologic change; it is not highly accurate in the depiction of pericardial thickening. Respiration-correlated Doppler techniques and tissue Doppler imaging are particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Transesophageal imaging is indicated only for better visualization of the pericardium, pericardial recesses and tumor mass. When transthoracic echocardiographic images are inadequate, especially in nonechogenic and postoperative patients, alternative tomographic imaging procedure may be needed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are second-line imaging modalities for diagnosis of pericardial diseases with excellent anatomical and spatial resolution.

Ročník 2007  Témy časopisu Cardiology for practice 3 / 2007

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doc. MUDr. Oľga Jurkovičová, CSc.

CHIEF CONSULTANT
prof. MUDr. Robert Hatala, PhD., FESC

MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD
MUDr. Peter Dědič
MUDr. Juraj Dúbrava, PhD., FESC
MUDr. Viliam Fridrich, PhD.
doc. MUDr. Ján Kmec, PhD.
MUDr. Gabriela Kaliská, PhD., FESC
MUDr. Pavol Lesný
MUDr. Monika Kaldarárová, PhD.
MUDr. Peter Margitfalvi
prof. MUDr. Daniel Pella, PhD.
prof. MUDr. Iveta Šimková, CSc., FESC
MUDr. Viera Vršanská, CSc.

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MUDr. Juraj Dúbrava, PhD., FESC

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OVERVIEW PAPERS
The latest knowledge on disease and disease groups aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnoses and therapy. Maximum size is 8 pages (font size 12, line spacing 1.5) with maximum five pictures (graphs). In case of more extensive theme elaboration it is possible to divide the paper to several parts after agreement with editorial office. Write the article with emphasis on its practical usage for cardiologists.

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DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTICAL ALGORITHMS
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FROM BORDERLINE OF CARDIOLOGY
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MANUSCRIPT ELABORATION

Write the paper on computer in any common text editor.
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- do not arrange text into columns
- do not do page make-up, put tables at the end of the paper
- distinguish precisely numbers 1, 0 and letters l, O
- use always parentheses ( )
- explain abbreviations always when first used


MANUSCRIPT REQUIREMENTS

1. An accurate paper title, names and surnames of all authors including academic titles, authors` workplace. The first author address including the phone number, fax and e-mail address.
2. Summary - concise content summary in the extent maximum 10 lines (only at overview papers, case studies from borderline of cardiology). Write in 1st or 3rd person singular or plural (unify according the type of an article).
3. Key words - in the extent of 3-6 (just at overview papers, From borderline of cardiology).
4. English translation: paper title, summary, key words (only at overview papers, case studies and From borderline of cardiology)
5. Text
If you insert pictures into a document, send also their original files in "jpg" format, create graphs in Excel and send also their original files. If you send photo documentation via post office, please, send just high-class originals. Mark each original by a number, under which it is mentioned in the text. Write in 1st or 3rd person singular or plural (unify according the type of an article).
6. Bibliography
Citations are numbered chronologically in bold, references in the text are stated by the number of citations in parentheses. Use maximum 30 citations.

Examples of citations:
1. Shaheen NJ, Crosby NA, Bozymski EM, et al. Is there publication bias in the reporting cancer risk in Barrett´ esophagus? Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 333-338.
2. Stenestrand U, Wallentin L. Swedish Register of Cardiac Intensive Care (RIKS-HIA): Early statin treatment following acute myocardial infarction and 1-year survival. JAMA 2001; 285: 430-436.
3. LIPID Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1349-1357.
4. Jurkovičová O, Spitzerová H, Cagáň S. Komorové arytmie a náhla srdcová smrť pri akútnom infarkte myokardu. Bratisl Lek Listy 1997; 98: 379-389.
5. Osborne BE. The electrocardiogram of the rat. In: Budden R, Detweiler DK, Zbinden G. The rat electrocardiogram in pharmacology and toxicology. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1981: 15-27.

Do not use dots after first names in citations. Do not use colon but dot after names of authors. Use semi-colon after the year of publishing, colon is before pages. If an author is one, two or three - it is necessary to state all. If there are more than three authors it is necessary to write first three and "et all", in Slovak and Czech citations "a spol."

Due to publishing of autodidactic tests it is necessary to add 4 questions to your article and 4 answers with marking of one correct answer, e.g.:

In which patients, after overcoming of a thromboembolic cerebral or peripheral event, the least suitable catheter closure is foramen ovale patents:
a. a woman before planned pregnancy
b. paroxysmal fibrillation of the atrium
c. aneurysm of the atrium septum
d. origination of an event after cough

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