M. Kliment
The author reminds the changing importance of microscopy for diagnosis of gynaecological diseases from historical point
of view . He mentions the reasons why microscopy has disappeared from gynaecological outpatient departments,
but also reasons why nowadays differential diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious causes of discomfort cannot be
performed without a microscope and vaginal pH. In the context of present opinions on dynamic vaginal microbiome he
states reasons why standard cultivation examination misleads, if used for distinguishing of microorganisms of commnensal
flora from inducers of infections. At last he states those diseases in which microscopic diagnosis has a key place:
bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidosis, aerobic vaginitis, trichomoniasis and lactilobacillosis.