Téma: 

Hepatitis b – natural course of the disease, diagnostics and treatment

Ľubomír Skladaný, Elisabeth Lovrantová, Beáta Bachová

Infection by the hepatitis B virus, HBV is common, malicious and potentially fatal: at least 350 million people mostly in Asia, and other developing countries, as well as risk groups of population in other countries all over the world are afflicted.The disease presents inconclusive manifestation. According to WHO it is the 7th most common cause of death from all infectious diseases (mortality is 3 times higher than in hepatitis C). The death is caused by infection overlapped by i. fulminant form of acute hepatitis (rare), ii. complication of liver cirrhosis and iii. hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) – each fourth or each second infected individual dies. Natural course, prognosis and treatment differs in infection by s.c. wild and mutant type of HBV infection. The prevention is active immunisation of the newborns and immunocompromised individuals from risk groups. Prevention of the onset of hepatitis B in patients with HBV infection after liver transplantation (LTx), immunosuppressive treatment and chemotherapy of tumors is performed by nucleotid analogues (NA). Pharmacological therapy of HBV infection is indicated in case of i. chronic, biochemically, virologically and histologically active hepatitis B (CHB), ii. rare life-threatening forms of acute hepatitis and unlike hepatitis C, also in case of iii. end stage of liver disease (ESLD). In one part of patients with ESLD the therapy can reverse the disease, in others stabilise the disease and gain the time for LTx. Therapy of infection in patients with ESLD should be llife-long. NA are used. The worst prognosis is in patients with undetected active infection with asymptomatic course, accidental examination of liver enzymes activity and persisting expression „healthy carrier“ of hepatitis B surface antigen, HbsAg.

Ročník 2006  Témy časopisu Gastroenterology for practice 1 / 2006

CHAIRMAN OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD
prof. MUDr. Rudolf Hyrdel, CSc.

MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD
doc. MUDr. Marian Bátovský, CSc., mim. prof. SZU
prof. MUDr. Juraj Bober, CSc.
MUDr. Ivan Bunganič
prof. MUDr. Petr Dítě, DrSc.
doc. MUDr. Martin Huorka, CSc.
doc. MUDr. Peter Makovník, CSc.
MUDr. Juraj Májek, PhD.
prof. MUDr. Peter Mlkvý, CSc.
MUDr. Tomáš Šálek
MUDr. Renata Szépeová, PhD.
prof. MUDr. Anton Vavrečka, CSc.
MUDr. Mária Zakuciová

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Ing. Danica Paulenová
e-mail: paulenova@amedi.sk

GRAPHIC LAYOUT AND TYPESETTING
Lucia Vecseiová
e-mail: dtp@amedi.sk 

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PROFESSIONAL PROOFREADING
doc. MUDr. Soňa Kiňová, PhD.

LANGUAGE PROOFREADING
Mgr. Eva Doktorová

PROOFREADING OF ENGLISH TEXTS
Mgr. Jana Bábelová

SECTIONS

SURVEY WORKS
The latest knowledge on disease and disease groups aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnoses and therapy.
Maximum size is 8 pages (font size 12, line spacing 1.5) with maximum five pictures (graphs). In case of more extensive theme elaboration it is possible to divide the paper to several parts after agreement with editorial office. Write the article with focus on its practical use for gastroenerologists and specialists from other disciplines interested in gastroenterology.

CASE STUDY
Maximum extent is 7 pages. Structuring: summary, introduction, case study, discussion, conclusion, bibliography.

DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTICAL ALGORITHMS
Diagnosis and therapy processed into tables and schemes, with minimum text, with emphasis on conciseness and clarity.

REVIEWS FROM LITERATURE
News from foreign press, news in the field of diagnoses, therapies and other professional information, maximum extent is 2 pages.

MISCELLANEOUS
Reactions to articles, information on professional events, new books, reviews, conference reports, invitations and so on. Abstract written in Slovak or Czech from scientific work published here or abroad, not older than 1 year. Maximum extent is 1 page. Write the title of the paper in Slovak/Czech, authors, workplace, then title of the paper in English with full citation. Appropriate is to explain basic terms.


MANUSCRIPT ELABORATION

Write the paper on computer in any common text editor.
- write full length of lines (do not use ENTER at the end of a line)
- do not arrange the text into columns - do not do page make-up, tables put at the end of the paper.
- distinguish precisely numbers 1, 0 and letters l, O
- use always parentheses ( )
- explain abbreviations always when first used


MANUSCRIPT REQUIREMENTS

1. An accurate paper title, names and surnames of all authors including titles, authors` workplace. The first author address including the phone number, fax and e-mail address.
2. Summary - concise content summary in the extent maximum 10 lines (only at overview papers, case studies). Write in 1st or 3rd person singular or plural (unify according the type of an article).
3. Key words - in the extent of 3-6 (only for overview papers and case studies).
4. English translation: paper title, summary, key words (only at overview papers and case studies)
5. Text
If you insert pictures into a document, send also their original files in "jpg" format, create graphs in Excel and send also their original files. If you send photo documentation via post office, please, send just high-class originals. Mark each original by a number, under which it is mentioned in the text. Write in 1st or 3rd person singular or plural (unify according the type of an article).
6. Bibliography
Citations are numbered chronologically in bold, references in the text are stated by the number of citations in parentheses. Use maximum 20 citations.

Examples of citations:
1. Vaughan TL, Davis S, Kristal A, et al. Obesity, alcohol and tobacco risk factors for cancers of esophagus and gastric cardia :adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995; 4: 85-92.
2. Gao YT, McLaughlin JT, Gridley T, et al. Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Shanghai, China. Role of diet and nutrients. Int J Cancer 1994; 58: 197-202.
3. Shaheen NJ, Crosby NA, Bozymski EM, et al. Is there publication bias in the reporting cancer risk in Barrett´ esophagus? Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 333-338.

Do not use dots after first names in citations. Do not use colon but dot after names of authors. Use semi-colon after the year of publishing, colon is before pages. If an author is one, two or three - it is necessary to state all. If there are more than three authors it is necessary to write first three and "et all", in Slovak and Czech citations "a spol."


AUTODIDACTIC TEST

The editorial board reserves the right to make small stylistic changes in the paper. If it is necessary to shorten the paper, the consent of the author will be required. All articles are reviewed.

Origination of pigment stones is related to:
a. acute haemolysis
b. chronic haemolysis
c. hypercalcaemia
d. hyperlipoproteinaemia

The editorial board reserves the right to make small stylistic changes in the paper. If it is necessary to shorten the paper, the consent of the author will be required. All articles are double reviewed.

All published papers are paid.

Due to practical focus of the journal we would like to ask you to write the paper comprehensively, with emphasis on practical use of provided information in out-patient practice of gastroenterologists and related specialisations.

Send contributions in the e-mail to the address: paulenova@amedi.sk