Peter Hyrdel, Michaela Čupková, Martin Schnierer, Lukáš Špaňo, Rudolf Hyrdel
Acute gastritis is caused mainly by toxins, food poisoning, alcohol, bile, some drugs, infections e.g. (bacterial, viral, and
fungal) or as part of a systemic infection it could be caused as well by allergens, ischemia and radiation. Severe erosive
haemorrhagic gastritis occurs under extreme stressing situations. If affecting only mucosal lining of the stomach, it
is usually manifested by: abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. In severe situations, it could lead to serious
dehydration and the mineral imbalance. H. pylori infection causes most cases of antral gastritis, which is often manifested
as chronic gastritis.
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is usually caused by infectious diseases e.g. (viral, bacterial and parasitic infections). In addition
to stomach problems, it could cause diarrhoea, with abdominal cramping. Some causes could also be associated
with fever, fatigue, headache, and muscle pain. AGE may often lead to dehydration, mineral and acid-base imbalance.
While acute gastritis may usually cause metabolic alkalosis, gastroenteritis often leads to metabolic acidosis. The treatment
of both consists of a strict diet, at the beginning nothing per os, parenteral rehydration, and correction of minerals
and acid-base imbalance, pain relief plays a crucial role, together with bowel disinfection and in some cases antimotility
agents.